What Is a Bulk Carrier? Types, Sizes & Cargo

Dernière mise à jour : 23 octobre 2026

A bulk carrier is a ship that carries loose, unpackaged cargo such as iron ore, coal, grain, bauxite or cement in large holds. Bulk carriers make up a large share of the world’s merchant fleet and move the raw materials that power industry and feed the world. Here’s how they work.

What do bulk carriers carry?

Cargo	Itinéraires typiques
Iron ore	Australia and Brazil to China
Coal	Australia, Indonesia and others to Asia
Grain (wheat, corn, soybeans)	The Americas, the Black Sea and Australia to the world
Bauxite and alumina	West Africa and Australia to China
Fertilisers, cement, steel products	Many routes

Seascape — Bulk carriers sail tramp routes wherever cargo takes them.

Bulk carrier sizes

Bulk carriers are grouped by deadweight tonnage (DWT), the weight of cargo, fuel and stores they can carry.

Classe	Approx. DWT	Remarques
Handysize	10,000–40,000	Flexible; many have their own cranes
Handymax / Supramax	40,000–65,000	Often with cranes; very versatile
Panamax	65,000–80,000+	Sized for the old Panama Canal locks
Kamsarmax	about 82,000	Fits ports such as Kamsar in Guinea
Capesize	100,000–200,000+	Too big for Panama; sails around the Capes
Very Large Ore Carrier (VLOC)	200,000–400,000	Including Valemax ships of about 400,000 DWT

How bulk carriers are loaded and unloaded

Loading: conveyors and shiploaders pour cargo into the holds.
Unloading: grabs, conveyors or suction equipment for grain.
Hatches: large covers seal each hold.
Geared ships: smaller bulkers carry their own cranes for ports without equipment.

Crane unloading cargo at a terminal — Bulk cargo is loaded by conveyors, chutes and grabs.

Bulk carrier vs container ship

	Navire de transport de vrac	Navire porte-conteneurs
Cargo	Loose raw materials	Manufactured goods in boxes
Schedule	Often tramp: goes where the cargo is	Liner: fixed routes and schedules
Speed	About 12–15 knots	About 14–20 knots. See how fast container ships go.
Passagers	Rarely	Sometimes, on selected routes

Can you travel on a bulk carrier?

Occasionally, but it is much less common than container ships. Bulkers often don’t follow fixed schedules, which makes planning difficult. Most freighter passengers travel on container ships. See compagnies maritimes qui transportent des passagers.

More ship types: Qu'est-ce qu'un navire roulier ?, types de navires de transport de marchandises et les plus grands navires du monde.

Foire aux questions

Qu'est-ce qu'un vraquier ?

A ship that carries loose cargo such as iron ore, coal or grain in large holds.

What is a Capesize ship?

A bulk carrier of about 100,000–200,000+ DWT, too large for the Panama Canal.

What is the biggest bulk carrier?

Valemax ore carriers of about 400,000 DWT are among the largest.

What is the difference between a bulk carrier and a container ship?

Bulk carriers carry loose raw materials, while container ships carry goods packed in containers.

Can you travel as a passenger on a bulk carrier?

Rarely. Most freighter passengers travel on container ships.

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Steve Joury

Conseiller en voyages Cargo chez Cargoholidays

Passionné par le voyage lent et la mer. Steve connaît la plupart des routes maritimes et des procédures pour découvrir notre beau monde depuis la mer sur un porte-conteneurs. Il a participé à la plupart des voyages, de 7 jours en cargo à 140 jours à bord.

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